Abstract

Oil spills greatly influence coastal ecosystems, which calls for quick habitat restoration and cleanup. Because of their potential, bioremediation techniques, which use microorganisms and plants to digest oils and hydrocarbons, have become increasingly crucial for restoring ecological balance. This work evaluates the effects of bioremedial attempts for oil pollution reduction in maritime environments using oil-degrading bacteria Alcanivorax borkumensis and Oleispiraantarctica. The action of biosurfactants, like rhamnolipids, which enhance hydrocarbons' availability for metabolism and breakdown, surpasses increases in biodegradation efficiency. Two further biosorption techniques under mangrove species for phytoremediation of coastal water and application of nanomaterials to improve bioremediation of contaminated coastal waters are discussed. The restoration of ecologically active ecosystems by means of recovering native flora and replenishing animal populations receives particular focus. This study integrates the responsibilities of responding to oil spills and recovering the coastal landscape by means of biotechnology, thereby managing polluted coastal areas sustainably