Abstract

The Gaussian Plume Model is one of the most used and recognized mathematical methods for estimating the dispersion of air pollutants emitted from industrial stacks or other point sources into the atmosphere. This model is predicated on the idea that pollutants disperse in both dimensions horizontally and vertically like a Gaussian (or normal) distribution curve, subject to various atmospheric and source-related influences. In this regard, the model is used to replicate the patterns of pollutant concentrations for various emission rates, stack design parameters, and meteorological conditions. Primary parameters used in the study are wind speed, emission height, atmospheric stability class, and the pollutant release rate. These factors are crucial in defining how the pollutants are dispersed, diluted, and deposited in lower areas from the point of emission. With actual, or even hypothetical, meteorological data, the model creates spatial concentration patterns for various ground-level receptor locations. Simulation output analysis makes it possible to identify the concentration zones, which in geo-eco and human risk assessment are essential. Such output data is required for comparison to national and international air quality standards for evaluating compliance and for taking appropriate mitigation action. The model can also aid in the planning and management of industrial site selection, pollution control technology implementation, and the formulation of regulatory frameworks in environmental technology. In a cost-efficient manner, the Gaussian Plume Model together with other meteorological models, explain and predict with scientific rigor the movement of airborne contaminants. This understanding helps in planning how to reduce the contaminants and the damage their discharges may cause to the environment.