Abstract

Heavy metals and PM are among the contaminants that coal mining operations discharge into the surroundings in large quantities, harming human health and environmental pollution. The research aims to examine the spatial and sequential deviations of air contaminants and heavy metal deposition in coal mining regions. Additionally, it aims to determine the major causes of pollution and evaluate how the affected hazards to the atmosphere and public well-being. To identify the sources of pollution and evaluate data on air quality, advanced techniques are employed. Over a specific period, air pollutants such SO2, NO2, CO, and PM2.5 are measured at various locations. Both the geographical distribution and the percentage of heavy metals in PM2.5 are measured. According to the research, the main causes of heavy metal deposition include wind-blown road dust, active mine fires, vehicle emissions, and coal mining activities. The order of the mean heavy metal concentrations in PM2.5 is Fe > Cu > Zn > Mn > Pb > Cr > Cd > Ni > As > Hg. There are major threats to the ecological and human well-being from high concentrations of particulate substances and hazardous metals. The results emphasize how quickly strong pollution control regulations and sustainable mining methods are needed. Minimizing the negative effects of heavy metal deposition in coal mining ecosystems on the atmosphere and human well-being requires reducing emissions from coal mining, setting dust control measures into place, and enforcing stronger environmental laws.