Abstract

In Uzbekistan, a nation primarily reliant on irrigated farming in arid and semi-arid regions, water scarcity poses a serious challenge to agricultural sustainability. Maintaining crop productivity while preserving finite water resources necessitates improving water use efficiency (WUE). This study examines the significance of plant science in maximizing WUE in Uzbekistan's agricultural sector. Recent advancements in plant physiology, genetic enhancement, and agronomic techniques tailored to Uzbekistan's specific soil and climate are highlighted. The development and dissemination of crop varieties that can withstand drought and salinity, the implementation of precision irrigation methods such as drip and subsurface irrigation, and the integration of plant-microbe interactions to enhance plant resilience in water-limited environments are crucial strategies. Additionally, phenotyping platforms and remote sensing techniques are discussed to monitor crop water status and guide breeding initiatives. Examples from Uzbekistan's cotton and wheat industries demonstrate how targeted plant science initiatives have increased WUE and reduced reliance on outdated, inefficient irrigation practices. The study also addresses the policy and institutional frameworks necessary to promote research, extension, and farmer adoption of technologies that enhance WUE. Ultimately, this analysis underscores the need for multidisciplinary approaches and sustained investment in plant science to ensure food security and environmental sustainability in Uzbekistan's agriculture amidst growing water stress