Abstract

This study assesses the impact of chemical fertilizers and biochar enriched with humic acid on the growth, yield, and quality of zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) in field conditions. The study was conducted in Zafaraniya, Iraq, in the autumn of 2023, employing a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with three replications and 18 treatments. The experiment used three levels of mineral fertilizers (0, 50, and 100 percent of the prescribed amount), three levels of biochar (0, 5, and 10 tonnes per acre), and two amounts of humic acid (0 and 4 mL per liter). All authors participated in the writing, evaluated, and sanctioned the final paper for publication. The zucchini plants were transplanted on 22 /8 / 2022, and the last harvesting was done on 30/10/2023. The results demonstrated that the mixture of mineral fertilizers, biochar, and humic acid would be applicable in enhancing nutrient uptake, soil fertility, and yield. The best results in terms of absorption of nutrients, content of fruit proteins (3.01 percent), and yield (22.83 kg per hectare) were observed with the M2B2H1 (100 percent mineral fertilizer, 10 tons biochar, and 4 mL/L humic acid) treatment. As has been established in this paper, biochar and humic acid work with chemical fertilizers, resulting in improved soil health, reduced fertilizer reliance, and sustainable farming. The findings will be very useful in integrated nutrient management programs that enhance the quality of crops and environmental sustainability.